Thank you..........^.^

First, I wanna say thanks to My God and His Son, My Savior, Jesus Christ for the blessing me. Because bless and power by Him, I can end this primbon.


Last but not least, I also want to say thanks for my family, my friends, my teacher "Mr. Erwanto, S.Pd.", and all the side for the helping me when I work this primbon.


Finally, I hope this primbon can be used the well. I know, this primbon not perfect, because of that, I wait criticsm from all the side.

Passive Voice

In the passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. Intransitive verbs such as happen, sleep, come and seem cannot be used in the passive.


When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent

In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.


Pattern: be + past participle

Example:

 The boy are listening to a story.

The story was being told by grandfather.



 Snow white eats a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple is eaten by snow white



 Snow white is eating a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple is being eaten by snow white



 Snow white has eaten a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple has been eaten by snow white



 Snow white ate a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple was eaten by snow white



 Snow white was eating a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple was being eaten by snow white



 Snow white had eaten a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple had been eaten by snow white



 Snow white will eat a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple will be eaten by snow white



 Snow white is going to eat a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple is going to be eaten by snow white



 Snow white will have eaten a poisonous apple

A poisonous apple will have been eaten by snow white

Offering

Ways to say it


* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?

* Should I get you a bottle of water?

* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?

* Would you care some salad?


Ofering to friends:


* Want some?

* Have some?

* Chocolate?

* Grab some for yourself


Less formal expressions:


* Would you like to have a pancake?

* Why don't you have some lemonade?

* What can I get for you?

* What will you have?



Declining an offering


* No, thanks.

* No, really won't, thanks

* Not for me, thanks.



Accepting an offering:


* Thank you.

* Yes, please

* I'd like it very much

* That would be very nice

Preposition In, On, and At

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:

• at for a PRECISE TIME
• in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• on for DAYS and DATES

at	in	on
PRECISE TIME	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS	DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock	in May	on Sunday
at 10.30am	in summer	on Tuesdays
at noon	in the summer	on 6 March
at dinnertime	in 1990	on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime	in the 1990s	on Christmas Day
at sunrise	in the next century	on Independence Day
at sunset	in the Ice Age	on my birthday
at the moment	in the past/future	on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression	Example
at night	The stars shine at night.
at the weekend	I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time	We finished the test at the same time.
at present	He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

in	on
in the morning	on Tuesday morning
in the mornings	on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)	on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)	on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)
• He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
• We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Asking If Someone Remember or Not

Formal expressions:

Ø I wonder if you remember.....

Ø You remember...., don’t you?

Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?

Ø Don’t you remember.....?

Ø Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:

Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.

Ø I remember especially the scenery.

Ø I’ll never forget that

Ø I’ll always remember.

Ø I can remember it clearly.

Informal expressions:

Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?

Ø Remember that?

Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond:

Ø Hold on. Yes, got it!

Ø I know.....

Ø It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget:

Ø Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.

Ø I’m affraid I forget.

Ø I really can’t remember.

Ø I’m afraid I have no memory of him

Ø Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.

Ø Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example..

It was Sunday morning, wati got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.

Mother : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?

Wati : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry

Mother : You remember Sunday, don’t you?

Wati : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

Simple Future

The definition of future tense

The future tense is a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future or to happen subsequent to some other event, whether that is past, present, or future.

The simple future is used :

Ø to talk about things that will happen at a time later than now.

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

FORM Will

[S + will + verb1]

Examples:

Ø You will help him later.

Ø Will you help him later?

Ø You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To

[S + to be (am/is/are) + going to + verb]

Examples:

Ø You are going to meet Sarry tonight.

Ø Are you going to meet Sarry tonight?

Ø You are not going to meet Sarry tonight.

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:

Ø I will send you the information when I get it.

Ø I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

Ø Will you help me move this heavy table?

Ø Will you make dinner?

Ø I will not do your homework for you.

Ø I won't do all the housework myself!

Ø I'm really hungry.

Ø I'll make some sandwiches.

A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.

B: I'll get you some coffee.

A: The phone is ringing.

B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:

Ø I will call you when I arrive.

Ø If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.

Ø I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

Ø Don't worry, I'll be careful.

Ø I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.

Examples:

Ø He is going to spend his vacation in India.

Ø She is not going to spend her vacation in India.

A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?

B: We are going to meet at 7 PM.

Ø I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.

Ø Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.

Ø They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.

Ø Who are you going to invite to the party?

A: Who is going to make Jono's birthday cake?

B: Sue is going to make Jono's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

Ø The year 2223 will be a very interesting year.

Ø The year 2223 is going to be a very interesting year.

Ø Anne Smith will be the next President.

Ø Anne Smith is going to be the next President.

Ø The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.

Ø The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.

Examples:

Ø When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct

Ø When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

Ø You will never help him.

Ø Will you ever help him?

Ø You are never going to meet Jane.

Ø Are you ever going to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Ø John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active

Ø The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

Ø Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active

Ø A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive

The Formula with verb sentence :

• Positive (+): S + will/shall + V1 + object

• Negative (-): S + will/shall + not + V1 + object

• Interrogative (?): Will/shall + S + V1 + object

Example :

Ø nhiya will visit tokyo(+)

Ø Kajol will not visit India(-)

Ø Will shasya visit china? (?)

• The formula with nominal sentence :

Positive (+): S + will/shall + be +complement

Negative (-): S + will/shall + not + complement

Interrogative (?): will/shall + S + complement

Noun Phrases

A noun phrase is other a single noun or any group of words containing noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

For example, ‘they’ , ‘books’, and ‘the books’, are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)


- Structure of Noun Phrases:

• A beautiful old painting on the wall


When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them, you put adjectives in front of the first noun.

Example : We just spoke with a young American boy


Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (base + ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.

Example : Passing the exam watching TV