Present Tense

The simple present tense is used :

• To express habits, general truths, reapeted actions or unchaning situations, emotions, and wishes.
• To give instructions or directions
• To express fixed arrangements, present, or future

Adverbs of time :
• Always : selalu
• Never : gak pernah
• Every : setiap
• Often : sering kali
• Seldom : jarang
• Usually : biasanya
• Sometimes : kadang-kadang

Verbal sentence
• Affirmative form
S + V1 (-s/-es) + object
Ex. I buy some books

• Negative form
S + do/does + not + V1 + object
Ex. I do not buy some books

• Interrogative form
do/does + S + V1 + object ?
Ex. do i buy some books ?

NOTES
• Verbs ending in –y :
The third person changes the –y to –ies
Fly = flies, cry = cries
Exception : if there is a vowel before the –y
Play = plays, pray = prays

• Add –es to verbs ending in : -ss, -x, -sh, -ch
He passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

Non verbal sentence
• Affirmative form
S + to be (am/is/are) + noun/adjective/adverb
Ex. I am a student


• Negative form
S + to be + not + noun/adjective/adverb
Ex. I am not a student


• Interrogative form
To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb ?
Ex. Am I a student ?